27 April, 2012

No Freedom, Even in Death: Virtual Tupac Part II


Over a decade and a half after his death, the legacy of Tupac Shakur is something that's still discussed, in sources ranging from MTV to NPR. For most of this time, the discussion centered on the music and performances during his life. But now there's Virtual Tupac, here to add an appendix to the artist's life story.

Not only has Virtual Tupac taken pop music a step further into the realm of the manufactured (in this case, literally) star, but it also shows how little control an artist has over their own persona, especially after shuffling off the mortal coil.

This certainly isn't the first time an artist has “performed” new material after their death. Natalie Cole famously sang a duet with her late father Nat King Cole in a version of his hit “Unforgettable” that was only possible through recording technology. The Beatles made a similar move with “Free As a Bird,” a new Beatles song consisting of the remaining three members playing behind an unused vocal track from John Lennon's solo days.

But in these examples, at least it can be said that the living parties were closely related to their deceased collaborators. Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg had left Death Row Records by the time Tupac was murdered, and while Dre did work with Tupac on the classic “California Love,” there's no indication that the three were BFFs.

And then there's the cable commercial using the Buddy Holly meoldy, the Glee episode featuring the “tribute” to Whitney Houston, the Ford commercials and bad movie trailers with Johnny Cash singing in the background.

If you can say one thing for all of the above examples, whether good or bad, they at least never made any challenge to the singers' deaths. Yes, Natalie was singing with her dad, but there wasn't any banter or other random element to make it seem as though they were actually in the same room together. Virtual Tupac kicking off the performance with a rousing “What the fuck is up Coachella?” brings him into the present moment in a disturbing way.

It's true that most individuals really have a limited amount of control they can exert over others' perceptions of them, and even pop stars – whose entire job is to craft and flourish a public image – are ultimately subject to the whims and caprices of the audience. But at least the artist has the chance to take an active role in their life.

With Virtual Tupac, all control that the real Tupac had over himself and his actions is gone. Would real Tupac have played those songs? Would have have shared a stage with Dre and Snoop? Would he even played Coachella? None of this matters any more, because Virtual Tupac is here, ready to stand in anywhere he's set up. And if it's decided that Virtual Tupac should do things the real Tupac would never have done, well, not much real Tupac can do about it.

And while most people won't necessarily confuse Virtual Tupac with the the deceased real Tupac, the association will be created in their minds (that's just how the brain works, like it or not). Virtual Tupac hawking some light beer in a commercial will, in continued discussion, become Tupac hawking a light beer. The line between the actual man and his digital doppelganger will blur, especially as the time when he was alive dwindles ever further into the past.

All a person truly has is their self, but when even that can be replicated and manipulted, then what does one have? Labels and managers are famous for stealing artists' songs, royalties, and publishing rights, but when they can take even your face and body, what's left?

26 April, 2012

Virtual Tupac and the Rise of the Undead Pop Star

Okay, yes, a bit of a stretch, but what does the Tupac hologram performance at Coachella really mean? A heartfelt (if creepy) tribute to a talent cut down in its prime? A tacky, tasteles exploitation of said talent by people who should know better? Or is it a sign that the innate humanity of our entertainers is now optional?

This isn't a phenomenon without precedent. In 2007, the Japanese (who else?) introduced Hatsune Miku, a singing, dancing pop sensation who just happened to be completely computer generated 3D model. In this case, the vocals came from heavily treated samples from a voice actress, but the rest was all created in the lab (or wherever the programmers hang out). This being Japan (where new technology is simply a friend you haven't met yet), Hatsune is naturally a stadium-packing hit.







But Virtual Tupac is different. One, this is America, where we value authenticity above all, especially when it's made up. But also, Tupac was a real person – an actual, flesh and blood man who lived and breathed and finally died, who created a body of work in that time. More importantly, a man who may have wanted a say in how his work was performed.

Anyone paying attention to the sausage-making aspects of the comics world knows that creators' rights is a major issue right now, with more comic-makers taking sides for or against (usually the latter) certain publishers (and their parent corporations). So with that in the forefront, it puts a certain troubling spin on the whole Tupac “performance.”








Not a lot of people probably know this, because it didn't get much media attention, but in 2000 the Recording Industry Association of America approached Congress hoping to get legislation passed that would make materials created by bands designated as “work for hire” for their labels. This would mean that anything the band put out would be wholly owned by the label, who could then pay the band once for coming in and recording. The bands would no longer own the songs they created – no royalties, no say in how they were used, nothing. A band who went platinum could still be living in a flat in some broke-down part of town, working day jobs to survive, while the label head watched the royalties pour in.

Needless to say, this scenario never happened, and in the age of the Internet, more artists are opting to go the self-release route, or at least retain greater creative control if they do sign. Could it be coincidence that you see more Mickey Mouse Club kids turned into adult pop stars – people who are already used to the machine, who've been trained to trust the guy in the suit? If you're one of the old labels, and you see more up and coming artists disinclined to sign with you, what do you do? Particularly if you're so ingrained in the old, top-down control mindset that you'd sue your own fans for downloading music?

Enter Virtual Tupac. Still beloved by millions of fans, but dead long enough that tacky cash-in moves can be spun to appear as well-intentioned “tributes.” The songs are already there, the persona is already there, the act is already there. Just scan some old photos, program in some moves, and instant pop star. No worries about whether or not he'll sell, that's already been proven. And, no worries about him asking for a bigger cut of the royalties or moving to another label.

When director Kerry Conran spliced in old footage of Sir Lawrence Olivier to play the villain in Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, it was handled probably as tastefully as could be and most likely well-intentioned (the film was a tribute to the epic serials of yore), but much like the splitting of the atom, it was the act that unleashed all sorts of unforeseen results upon the world.
In a future age where artists see large companies as necessary evils to be kept at arm's length at best, or anachronisms to be avoided at worst, the labels have to think of something. There has to be something new and shiny to dangle, even if it's recycled. Just look at the Rolling Stones. Or better yet, the Beatles. A band that hasn't been together in 40 years, with only half the group still alive, still outsells the vast majority of living, working bands today – and will most likely continue to do so for the unforeseeable future. What if you could have a Beatles reunion?

True, you might have to wait for the rest of the band to shuffle off the mortal coil, just so they all look consistent. But it's not as though flesh-and-blood “reality” has been a sticking point for most people when it comes to experience. Anthony Burgess commented on this in 1962, with his novel A Clockwork Orange. “It's funny how the colors of the real world only seem really real when you viddy them on the screen,” says the narrator Alex, as he's being forced to watch behavior modification films.

But in an age of “reality tv,” where a great number of people view the world through a backlit plastic screen (just like right now), what's the difference? If you're 500 feet away, watching forms move on stage and having to look at the screens alongside the stage to make out any detail anyway, does the authenticity of the performer matter?

Maybe Virtual Tupac is a one-off stunt. Maybe the inherent inhumanity of “him” is too much for the average person to accept as anything other than novelty. But then, entertainment is all about novelty, and in an era where filmmakers will spend half a billion dollars to create virtual replicas of the world just a few miles away, maybe we just met our new American Idol.

08 January, 2009

28 Dec. - the end/year in review

Apologies for the long delay in posting this, but I was away on holiday for the last couple of weeks. Anyway, here it is, the Notable Releases of 2008 show:

The Charlatans UK - Oh Vanity – You Cross My Path – Cooking Vinyl
M83 - Graveyard Girl – Saturdays = Youth – Mute
British Sea Power - Down On the Ground – Do You Like Rock Music? – Rough Trade
Darker My Love - Pale Sun – 2 – Dangerbird

Mercury Rev - Butterfly's Wing – Snowflake Midnight – Yep Roc
Mono in VCF - Escape City Scrapers - s/t - Stylo
Hey Rosetta! - Open Arms - Into Your Lungs - Sonic
Sun Kil Moon - Unlit Hallway - April - Caldo Verde

Thisquietarmy - Warchitects - Unconquered - Foreshadow
The Black Angels - You On the Run - Directions to See a Ghost - Light in the Attic
Primal Scream - Beautiful Summer - Beautiful Future - B-Unique
The Hoa Hoas - Landing On the Moon - Sonic Bloom - Optical Sounds

The Kills - U.R.A. Fever - Midnight Boom - Domino
Bauhaus – Adrenalin - Go Away White - Bauhausmusik
Tricky – Coalition - Knowle West Boy - Domino
Portishead - We Carry On - Third - Mercury

Modernboys Moderngirls - A Hammond Organ Singing - I Might As Well Break It
The Awkward Stage - Anime Eyes - Slimming Mirrors, Flattering Lights - Mint
Hinterland - 300.6 - Pan Pan Medico - Submerged
The Organ - Oh What a Feeling - Thieves - Mint

The Verve - Valium Skies - Forth - On Your Own
Bloc Party – Biko - Intimacy - Atlantic
Antony and the Johnsons - Shake That Devil - Another World EP – Secretly Canadian

Glasvegas – Geraldine - s/t - Columbia

Thanks again to everyone who listened, and a happy 2009 to all!

21 December, 2008

21 Dec. - the last broadcast

Technically, next week will be the final show, but since I've recorded it already, this feels like the last one. It's been a fun ride, thanks to everyone who listened. I'm not sure what I'll be doing with this blog from this point - now that I actually have time to write again, we'll see.

Good news: Morrissey is touring in the spring (local date: Michigan Theater in Ann Arbor, March 31).

And without further ado, the show:

Ride – Leave Them All Behind - Going Blank Again - Reprise
Destroyalldreamers – Automne - Wish I Was All Flame - Where Are My
Chicklet – Let Me Go (My Own Way) - Wanderlust - Satellite
Chapterhouse – Breather - Whirlpool - RCA

The Stone Roses – The Hardest Thing in the World - The Complete… - Silvertone
Infighter – Silencer - s/t
The Cure – Push - The Head on the Door - Elektra
Echobelly – I Can't Imagine the World Without Me - Everyone's Got One - Fauve

Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds – Lie Down Here (& Be My Girl) – Dig, Lazarus, Dig!!! – Mute
The Pogues – Fairytale of New York - If I Should Fall From Grace With God - Island
Elbow – One Day Like This - The Seldom Seen Kid - Fiction
Pulp – The Day After the Revolution - This is Hardcore - Island

The Golden Hands Before God – One Fine Morning - Here - Pop Echo
The Jesus and Mary Chain – Far Gone and Out - Honey's Dead - Rhino
The Cranes – Lilies - Loved - BMG
Windy and Carl – Snow Covers Everything - Songs for the Broken Hearted - Kranky

Suede – Modern Boys - Sci-Fi Lullabies - Columbia
The Lightning Seeds – The Life of Riley - Sense - Virgin
iNSiDEaMiND (feat. Laura Barrett) – The Tiniest Spy - The Tiniest Spy EP – Public Transit
Rufus Wainwright – Over the Rainbow - Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall - Geffen

Arab Strap – There is No Ending - Ten Years of Tears - Chemikal Underground
David Bowie – A New Career in a New Town - Low - Ryko
Dead Can Dance – Don't Fade Away - Toward the Within - 4AD

The Smiths – There is a Light That Never Goes Out - The Queen is Dead - Sire

14 December, 2008

14 Dec. set

Happy Mondays – Hallelujah (Club Mix) - 24 Hour Party People sdtk – Warner
Lamb – Lusty - s/t - Polygram
Junior Boys – The Equalizer - So This is Goodbye - Domino
George Sarah – Sonata for Petra - Opus Eleven - Beautiful is As Beautiful Does

Autodrone – Final Days - Strike a Match - Clairecords
Uncut – Dark Horse - Modern Currencies - Paper Bag
The Book of Lists – Journey East - s/t - Scratch Recordings
The Manhattan Love Suicides – You'll Never Get That Guy - Burnt Out Landscapes - Magic Marker

Belle and Sebastian – It Could Have Been a Brilliant Career - The Boy with the Arab Strap - Matador
Moose – Mondo Cane - Honey Bee - Play It Again Sam
Doves – Your Shadow Lay Across My Life - Lost Sides - EMI
Stars – Calendar Girl (Young Galaxy remix) – Do You Trust Your Friends? - Arts & Crafts

Peter Gabriel – Signal to Noise - Up - Geffen
Richard Ashcroft – Words Just Get in the Way - Keys to the World - Parlophone
Muse – Falling Away with You - Absolution - Warner Bros.
James – Tomorrow - Best of - Fontana

Longwave – Sirens in the Deep Sea - Secrets are Sinister - Original Signal
Tearwave – Under the Milky Way - Different Shade of Beauty - Projekt
Diamond Sea – Where All is Well - s/t EP
The Chameleons UK – Indiana - Why Call It Anything - Cleopatra

Jane From Occupied Europe – Drift 13 - Coloursound - Seven Per Cent
Elika – They'll Hate Us - Trying Got Us Nowhere - Thisquietarmy

Blur – Beetlebum (Moby's Mix) - Bustin' + Dronin' - Virgin

07 December, 2008

7 Dec. - the Seasonal Affective Show

Lush – Undertow (The Spooky Mix) - The Doom Generation soundtrack – American
Fight Bite – The Accident - Emerald Eyes
Leonard Cohen - Sisters of Mercy - Songs - Columbia

Young Galaxy – Swing Your Heartache - s/t - Arts and Crafts
Suede – Popstar - Electricity single – Columbia
His Name is Alive – When You Fall for Someone - XMMER - Silver Mountain
The Organ – It's Time to Go - Sinking Hearts EP – Global Symphonic

The Low Lows – Disappearer - Shining Violence - Misra
Dead Leaf Echo – Tears - Pale Fire
MaƱana – Make a Tiger - Interruptions - Rodeostar
Airiel (feat. Ulrich Schnauss) – Sugar Crystals - The Battle of Sealand - High Wheel

Morrissey – I Don't Mind if You Forget Me - Viva Hate - Sire
Interpol – Leif Erikson - Turn On the Bright Lights - Matador
The Dears – Berlin Heart - Missiles - Dangerbird
Bloemfontein – The Pauses Between Punches - Improvisational Sessions Vol. 3

School of Seven Bells – Iamundernodisguise - Alpinisms - Ghostly International
The Knife – Girls' Night Out - Deep Cuts - Mute
Kraftwerk – Computer Love - Computerworld - Elektra

Leh-Lo – All Alone - Zig-Zag - TFM Music Group
Maps – Liquid Sugar – We Can Create - Mute
Deastro – Skin Worth Living In - Young Planets

Jeff Buckley – Last Goodbye - So Real - Columbia

Announcement

Dreaming in Stereo will be wrapping up at the end of the month. I'm graduating school, and will be focusing my energies on finding a job somewhere on the east coast (anyone looking for a fresh Library Science graduate, hi!), so that'll be it for the show. The itinerary is to do the next two weeks live, then the 28th will be a taped "Best of 2008" show (since I'll be visiting New England that weekend).

Thanks to everyone who listened, commented, or even thought about the show.